Lifeboar Ethics Essays - Population, Demographic Economics

Lifeboar Ethics Essays - Population, Demographic Economics Lifeboar Ethics Garrett Hardins argument for the preservation of well-to-do societies is embodied by his extended metaphor of each society as a lifeboat with its members the lifeboats occupants. His presentation of this metaphor is key in his assertions that the creation of an international food bank, efforts to improve agriculture in foreign nations (the Green Revolution), and lax immigration laws will all result in universal tragedy. Hardins initial complaint is against humanitarian efforts to establish an international food bank, to which rich nations will contribute and from which poor nations will draw. Theoretically, accidents (famine, crop failure, etc.) should teach nations to plan ahead and budget for future tragedies; the existence of an international food bank would inhibit this process from occurring by spoiling the benefiting nations. In addition, a food bank would allow population to constantly balloon regardless of immediate food availability. For example, a famine should reduce a societys population back to its carrying capacity, but an international food bank would prevent this regression. A popularly proposed alternative is the Green Revolution, where agriculture is improved within a nation rather than food delivered directly to it. Despite the superior logic inherent in this idea as compared to that of a food bank, both have the exact same result: overpopulation. Hardin proceeds to point out that immigration itself represents a significant portion of this problem. Ethnic groups maintain paranoia of the label ethnocentricity, and Hardin insists that this prevents wealthy nations from creating more selective immigration laws. The consequence is the same as that of the food bank: a drain on the wealthy nations. Essentially Hardin asserts that food banks would prevent poor countries from learning their lesson and ultimately destroy the benefiting nation due to uncontrolled population growth. Likewise, the Green Revolution also spurs on this disastrous uncontrolled population growth. Finally, uncontrolled immigration allows foreigners to go to the food rather than vice-versa, thus destroying the wealthy nations in the same manner that food banks would destroy the poor. Quite simply, I disagree with Garrett Hardins theories regarding the self-preservation of wealthy nations in his paper Lifeboat Ethics. His assertions regarding the nations limited carrying capacities adheres the idea of self-preservation idea to firm logic, but logic cannot overpower the humanitarian impulse of mankind. World food banks and the Green Revolution are used to demonstrate the ratchet effect; a firm yet ineffectual point asserting that the efforts of wealthy nations to aid the poor are inhibiting to the welfare of the environment. Obviously this effect makes an excellent graphic for a thesis page and is alarming in many respects, but essentially it is encouragement for the wealthy populace to abandon the poor to the consequences of famine. Hardins initial analysis maintains that each nation can be viewed as a lifeboat in an ocean, each with a limited amount of space. As symptoms of overpopulation develop within a nation, members of that nation begin to fall overboard and seek refuge on other lifeboats. Similarly, overcrowded or poor nations who cannot support their population turn to the wealthier nations for food, money, and immigration opportunities; very similar to those adrift seeking passage on another lifeboat. This abstract view is actually well thought-out and consistent with parallels in the real world today, but simultaneously uncomfortable for most people. For example, this analogy may be extended to say that people arent willing to watch others die in the ocean while they are safe in a lifeboat, nor will they willingly watch others die on the planet while they possess the capability of saving them. This logical yet flawed model continues as Hardin reflects on the effects of taking on additional passengers, just as modern nations help those in need. According to Hardin, several problems arise when deciding to help those less fortunate: too many people will swamp the lifeboat (a.k.a.- the nation), no method exists to fairly choose which people to save, and if no saving actions are made, modern ethics will result in the guilt of the survivors. Again, this analysis is very consistent with the real world, as every day we (as individuals and as a nation) are confronted with opportunities to help those less fortunate. It is inconsistent, however, in that these daily confrontations do not

Aloe essays

Aloe essays Aloe (Agave) is a genus of plant that has more than 150 species. Agave is native to South Africa but has been brought to America and is best-known here as American aloe (Agave americana), or century plant. An aloe plant has a short stem, fleshy, lanceolate leaves that form in rosettes at the end of each stem, and red or yellow tubular flowers in dense clusters. The different species of aloe differ in size from a few centimeters to more than thirty feet. The plant only blooms one time between the ages of ten and twenty-five. When it finally does bloom, the plant grows a long stalk that grows rapidly up to about fourty foot. The aloe plant is very helpful in making many medicines. The plant is ninety-six percent water and the rest contains active ingredients including essential oil, amino acids, minerals, vitamins, enzymes and glycoproteins. Powered aloe juice (sap) is a laxative. Modern healers have used it since the 1930's. Many liquid health treatments are made, some combining aloe juice with other plants and herbs. The juice is soothing to digestive tract irritations, such as colitis and peptic ulcers. Aloe vera gel is used to; heal wounds, heal ulcers, and speed up the healing process of burns by putting a protective coating on the As a food supplement, aloe is said to facilitate digestion, aid in blood and lymphatic circulation, as well as kidney, liver and gall bladder functions. Aloe contains at least three anti-inflammatory fatty acids that are helpful for the stomach, small intestine and colon. It naturally alkalizes digestive juices to prevent overacidity - a common cause of indigestion. To make many of the medicines the plant must be crushed or taken apart. Aloe vera gel is made by pulverizing the whole leaves of the plant. Aloe juice is In conclusion, the aloe plant is very helpful in medicine and everyone ...

Price different depend on brand Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Price different depend on brand - Research Paper Example A brand refers to a name, sign, symbol, term, or design, or a combination of them, which identifies and differentiates products of one firm from those of others (Breward, 2003). Branding refers to the marketing practice involving creation of names, symbols and designs that identify and differentiate an organization and its products from others. Price differences in the fashion industry depend on the value attached to brands by consumers. This paper aims at studying the impact that brands have on prices in the fashion industry. Prices of various fashion products in the industry often tend to depend on the type of brands themselves. Valuable brand often have the highest prices while less valuable brands often cost cheap. This essay therefore aims at studying the impact of branding in the fashion industry on prices of commodities and services in fashion. Research question how do brands contribute to the differences in prices of products in the fashion industry? Industry overview The fas hion industry is one of the largest industries in the global economy. The industry mostly depends on the availability of disposable incomes among individuals, since most fashion items are considered luxuries. Fashion is part of the popular culture and the latest and best fashion trends are often portrayed in movies and film, music, fashion show and concerts as well as in advertisements in the media. The latest fashion trends and designs are often promoted by respected celebrities and public figures, who often influence peoples buying decisions in the fashion industry. Some of the popular fashion brands in the US and across the world include; Louis Vuitton, H&M, Dolce and Gabana, Kelvin Klein, Christian Dior, Levi Strauss, and Richemont among others. The impact of brands on product prices Branding is very important in the fashion industry since people like to be associated with valuable brands. Fashion brands give consumers certain social classes and they would want to be seen wearin g clothes and other accessories with notable and valuable brands. Prices of brands in the fashion industry will therefore vary according to the value that consumers attach to the particular brand. Most fashion companies therefore endeavor to push their brands to the level that they can attract more consumers who can be loyal to them (Breward, 2003). Demand for most fashion products is different from that of other goods and services because for most fashion products, an increase in price does not lead to a decrease in demand, as it is the case with products in other industries. With a loyal base of consumers, the companies can always manipulate the prices and still manage to attract more consumers(Steele, 2000). ABranding process involving research, defining and establishing brands that consumers can relate, associate and identify with. Brand identity is a very important element of branding and marketing in general. It refers to the ability of target consumers to identify with and re late with a particular brand. Brand identity has to do with the ability of a particular brand to get noticed among the targeted consumers. This therefore includes the packaging process and publicity accorded to the brand through advertising, CSR and sponsorship (Steele, 2000). Fashion brands can increase their brand identity through advertising, engaging with the community through CSR activities, sponsoring various events and having a great presence

The Handwashing Techniques Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Handwashing Techniques - Assignment Example Using the literature I will look at and explore the factors that may have influenced the learner and their performance in Scenario One (hand washing). I will then, with reference to the literature, identify one of these contributory factors and critically discuss and analyse the mentor's role in addressing the identified factor. I will then identify recommendations for best practice. There are many definitions of assessment in the literature. According to Rowntree (1987) "assessment occurs whenever one person in some kind of interaction, direct or in direct, with another is conscious of obtaining and interpreting information about the knowledge and understanding of the abilities and attitudes of this person". Curzon (1990) defines assessment as the process of: "collection, measuring and interpreting information relating to students' responses to the process of instruction". Ewan and White (1996) define assessment as "the process by which teachers attempt to gauge student' progress and learning". Quinn (2000), states that through assessment in practice judgement is made on the quality of the learners' work, as a way of supporting the learner and of appraising their achievement of their set of outcomes. The common theme of the above mentioned definitions is measurement and progression or competence and outcome Flanagan et al (1999). From the scenario we see that t he student is being assessed formatively. It is important that the mentor is aware of the difference between formative and summative assessments. Price (2005) discusses the two purposes of assessment: Formative assessment in which the mentor is the advisor. The formative assessment is to advise the student of progress towards the goal. Summative assessment is in order to judge the learning. The purpose of the assessment in the given scenario is to observe the maintenance of asepsis. Medical Asepsis is defined as, "the procedures used to reduce the number of microorganisms and prevent their spread." [Mosby 2009]. One of the basic principles of health care that is drilled into the minds of all health care professionals from a very early stage in their training is the importance of maintaining strict asepsis in their handling of patients. The lesson is repeated so often as to become second nature for health care professionals. The reason that maintenance of asepsis is stressed upon so often in medical practice is that significant benefits can accrue from following a few simple rules. The rate of transmission of infection from on patient to another in wards and OPDs can be reduced significantly. Asepsis can also be productive towards decreasing the incidence of illness among health care workers themselves by reducing transmission of pathogenic bacteria from patients to carers. A number of rules are in practice for the maintenance of asepsis. These include specific techniques for handwashing and use of sterilization procedures for the sheets, instruments and apparatus used in relation with patients. In the chosen scenario, the student follows the instructions taught to the letter, but forgets to apply simple sense to the situation and soils her hand without even realizing what she has done. There can be a number of

The most dangerous game Essay Example for Free

The most dangerous game Essay General Zaroff’s refined emotions conceal a disturbing desire to inflict suffering and death for his own amusement. In many ways, Zaroff considers himself a god who can go about life as he pleases. Zaroffs’s madness stems from a life of wealth, luxury, and militarism, which inflate his ego and sense of entitlement and impose few limits on his desires. Zaroff began hunting at an early age when he shot his father’s prized turkeys and continually sought out bigger game in his family’s tract of wilderness in the Crimea, a peninsula on the Black Sea. Commanding a division of Cossack cavalrymen in Russia, meanwhile, familiarized Zaroff with the horrors and atrocities of warfare. He continued to hunt after the czar had fallen when he came to America. He eventually tired of hunting animals and claimed it was no longer a challenge but a â€Å"mathematical certainty†. He decided he had to do something to keep from â€Å"going to pieces†. His bloodlust and passion for hunting eventually prompted him to hunt men, the most cunning and challenging prey he could find. Accustomed to death, General Zaroff has lost the ability to distinguish men from beasts, suggesting that he has slipped into barbarism and lost his humanity. The sanctioned violence of his youth and early manhood drained the general of his empathy and capacity to make moral judgments. His passion for the hunt and love of the refined, meanwhile, led him to devalue human life. In fact, Zaroff even praises his thoroughbred hounds over the lives of the sailors he hunts. Straight from the text, â€Å"I hunt the scum of the earth: sailors from tramp shipslassars, blacks, Chinese, whites, mongrelsa thoroughbred horse or hound is worth more than a score of them. † He has strayed so far from any ethics that he believes that his hunting dogs are more important than what he considers â€Å"scum of the Earth†, or minorities. The only reason he praises his dogs so is because he uses them to hunt men. Connell describes Zaroff’s sharp pointed teeth and smacking red lips to dehumanize him and highlight his predatory nature. Ironically, Rainsford discovers that General Zaroff is far more repulsive than the â€Å"scum† he disdainfully hunts, devoid of all emotion and humanity despite his seeming gentility. At the end, the real question: is Zaroff a hunter or a killer? Zaroff himself clearly believes himself to be a hunter, as he thinks that minorities have no value and can therefore be hunted. Rainsford on the other hand thinks that Zaroff is a cold-blooded murder. I personally agree with Rainsford. Zaroff claims that he hunts men to get away from the â€Å"mathematical certainty† that he supposedly has against any quarry he would usually hunt. However, when he hunts men, he gives them just a knife. Meanwhile, Zaroff is equipped with any hunting rifle of his choice, as he is very wealthy, his hunting dogs, his living tank Ivan, and just about any other thing he could think he may need. This gives Zaroff an extremely unfair advantage over the man he is hunting. I think that while he is trying to take away the â€Å"mathematical certainty† of always catching his quarry, he has just walked in a circle. It is nearly impossible to stay alive with nothing but a hunting knife against Zaroff’s arsenal of guns, dogs, and his Cossack Servant. When you look at all the details and fine print, Zaroff is no hunter. He is a cold-blooded killer.

Tragedy in A Streetcar Named Desire Essay -- A Streetcar Named Desire E

A tragedy is a genre of a play, a form of drama that portrays the suffering of a heroic individual who is often overcome by the very obstacles he is struggling to remove. A tragedy excites terror or pity. Each tragedy can be considered a tragedy because it involves a tragic ending to the play as a whole and a tragic hero. However, there are three main different types of tragedies. Firstly, in Greek tragedies, everything is deterministic. For example in the story of Oedipus (where he kills his father and marries his mother), fate is said to be responsible for all the events. This type of tragedy is very entertaining to watch because the protagonist is unable of changing and knowing the events. Greek tragedies are interesting because they followed the "Three Unities" : unity of time, unity of place, and unity of action. Greek tragedies normally took place in a single day, happened at a single location, and had one plot line without any subplots. Greeks used to use this because tensio n could be built up easily. Another different type of tragedy is the Shakespearean type, where in general people are great and rise to a greater position. The hero has a fatal flaw in his/her character that makes him/her act in a way that eventually leads to his/her downfall (like in Macbeth where his fatal flaw is his excessive obsession with ambition and power). Another example of a Shakespearean tragedy is Romeo and Juliet because their fatal flaw was excessive passion for each other. Shakespeare did not follow any of the three unities because he felt that it was easier to facilitate the plot. Finally, another type of tragedy is a modern version of the Shakespearean type. Where someone not great is put into a situation where they are forced to t... ... a tragedy of Stanley’s incomprehension of Blanche’s needs. However there were many criticisms concerning this statement of this play being a tragedy. There are many factors that contributed to Blanche’s downfall and she seems to fit, the requirements for being a tragic heroine, perfectly. One may think that Blanche Dubois does not fit into the category as a tragic heroine, not because she is not tragic enough, but because she is not sympathetic enough to a heroine. By writing A Streetcar Named Desire, Williams seems to be playing with different styles of tragedies. The set of the play is in one place (the apartment and its street), so in this way one can consider it as a Greek tragedy. It also seems clear that Williams created an American tragedy with Shakespearean drama in mind. Williams stated that â€Å"creating a new, modern tragic form of a play was difficult†. Tragedy in A Streetcar Named Desire Essay -- A Streetcar Named Desire E A tragedy is a genre of a play, a form of drama that portrays the suffering of a heroic individual who is often overcome by the very obstacles he is struggling to remove. A tragedy excites terror or pity. Each tragedy can be considered a tragedy because it involves a tragic ending to the play as a whole and a tragic hero. However, there are three main different types of tragedies. Firstly, in Greek tragedies, everything is deterministic. For example in the story of Oedipus (where he kills his father and marries his mother), fate is said to be responsible for all the events. This type of tragedy is very entertaining to watch because the protagonist is unable of changing and knowing the events. Greek tragedies are interesting because they followed the "Three Unities" : unity of time, unity of place, and unity of action. Greek tragedies normally took place in a single day, happened at a single location, and had one plot line without any subplots. Greeks used to use this because tensio n could be built up easily. Another different type of tragedy is the Shakespearean type, where in general people are great and rise to a greater position. The hero has a fatal flaw in his/her character that makes him/her act in a way that eventually leads to his/her downfall (like in Macbeth where his fatal flaw is his excessive obsession with ambition and power). Another example of a Shakespearean tragedy is Romeo and Juliet because their fatal flaw was excessive passion for each other. Shakespeare did not follow any of the three unities because he felt that it was easier to facilitate the plot. Finally, another type of tragedy is a modern version of the Shakespearean type. Where someone not great is put into a situation where they are forced to t... ... a tragedy of Stanley’s incomprehension of Blanche’s needs. However there were many criticisms concerning this statement of this play being a tragedy. There are many factors that contributed to Blanche’s downfall and she seems to fit, the requirements for being a tragic heroine, perfectly. One may think that Blanche Dubois does not fit into the category as a tragic heroine, not because she is not tragic enough, but because she is not sympathetic enough to a heroine. By writing A Streetcar Named Desire, Williams seems to be playing with different styles of tragedies. The set of the play is in one place (the apartment and its street), so in this way one can consider it as a Greek tragedy. It also seems clear that Williams created an American tragedy with Shakespearean drama in mind. Williams stated that â€Å"creating a new, modern tragic form of a play was difficult†.

REI Marketing Environment Worksheet Essay

1. Consumer incomes- As consumer incomes change the ability to sell non-essential goods is directly affected. REI sells non-essential goods. If consumer incomes are rising they will have discretionary income and REI should benefit. If Consumer incomes are flat or decreasing REI will see a negative impact on sales. 2. Inflation- Inflation is a measure of the decrease in the value of money. This means that if inflation is increasing it will take more money to purchase the same product. Again with REI they sell non-essential products and would be negatively affected by inflation. Inflation has not been a problem but it is predicted to be in the future so REI must factor this into their sales and marketing strategy. Global Economy How does the current global economy affect REI retail operations? 1. Since REI is not a global company they are less affected by the global economy. They are not immune however as the global downturn affects the U.S. economy as a whole. This in turn does have a secondary effect on REI. 2. Since the global economy directly affects the U.S. economy any downturn in the global economy is going to have a negative impact on the U.S. economy therefore having a secondary effect on REI. This would have the same effect as mentioned in the U.S. economy in part one. Legal and Regulatory Environment What types of legal and regulatory forces affect REI in the U.S.? 1.Federal, state and local regulations and agency’s affect REI as well as every other business. The Federal Trade Commission regulates competition to avoid unfair practices. The Consumer Protection Agency helps protect the  health and safety of consumers. Since REI has many private label products they must make sure that they are safe to avoid lawsuits and huge fines. 2. Since REI is a consumer Cooperative they also have some other regulations that govern how they manage their business. This does give them some tax advantages over the competition but may be a disadvantage when it comes to retained earnings and investments. Socio-Cultural Forces What types of social and culture trends affect REI? 1. REI has built its business on cultural trends. They are very environmentally friendly and very involved in special causes that relate to their business. They market to a special group of consumers that have similar believes and are willing to purchase products to support that believe. This is an example of Relationship Marketing and REI has been very successful with this strategy. 2. REI, according to their website hosted over 750 volunteer events to help the local community and environment. REI started in Seattle which is a perfect market for this type of approach. This market is very socially driven and willing to support companies that also have similar believes with the environment. This also may be a limiting factor when looking at future growth for REI. Especially is the economy takes a further downturn. Technological Forces What type of technology changes affect REI? 1. Changes in manufacturing techniques can have a huge impact. If similar products that REI sells become cheaper from a competitor due to technology advancements it has a direct impact on REI. They will either have to advance with the technology, change suppliers and/or manufacturing, or reduce price and margin to compete. Either way this is a threat to REI. 2. Another example of how technology can affect REI is simply in customer information. Who their customers are, the purchasing habits, personal information, disposable income etc†¦ A company that is tied into this data and uses it as a guide to their marketing strategy will have an advantage  over a company that does not. As a consumer coop REI has the ability to have a more complete data base than a non coop. Competitive forces are also a part of the marketing environment, and we will review those in this unit’s second assignment.