Animal Experimentation Should Be Legal - 2371 Words

Do you, your children, or your pet get vaccinations? Do you use household products? Do you use men or women beauty products? Do you use over the counter medicines? For most people the answer to these questions is yes. Though these items would not have been marketed had they not been tested on dogs, cats, and other animals. Scientists have used animals for experiments since the beginning of time. Animal experimentation has been the topic of debate for many years. The debate is deciding whether it is morally or ethically worth the health and life of animals to save the lives of humans. Opponents of animal experimentation argue it is cruel and unnecessary to use animals and that other alternatives should be used. Even though, animal experiments have contributed to providing society with great medical advances, like vaccinations. Without animal experimentation the safety of new treatments, chemicals, and products for human use cannot be determined. Animal research not only benefits human s, but animals as well. Animal experimentations are necessary in order for scientist to advance in the knowledge about diseases, illnesses, as well as develop treatments, cures, and test medical devices. Animal experiments have been a part of biomedical research for hundreds of years. Beginning with Aristotle, (384-322 BC) and Erasistratus, (034-258 BC) to Galen (129-19/217 AD), experiments were widely done on live animals, called vivisection, to discover the functions of living organisms and toShow MoreRelatedShould Animal Experimentation Be Legal Or Not?2761 Words   |  12 Pagesprevent animal experimentation for experimental medications for humans? Problem to be Addressed There is a massive debate going on about whether animal experimentation for experimental drugs should be legal or not. Both sides question whether animal’s lives or America’s knowledge is more important. Several claim that animal testing is needed because many lives can be saved with the awareness that is gained from each test. Others do not agree with these people. They believe that animals should not beRead MoreAnimal Experimentation And The Medical Field1043 Words   |  5 Pages the discussion about animal experimentation would be brought up either in a Science or English class. The discussions would last about three quarters of a period, and they would go nowhere because nobody could agree whether it was a good or bad thing to do. I would always be in the middle of the debate because, I believed that it was a good thing. I am for animal experimentation because it has revolutionized the medical field, regulates the overpopulation of certain animal species in the e nvironmentRead MoreAnimals In Experimentation. This Essay Will Explore The1684 Words   |  7 Pages Animals in Experimentation This essay will explore the benefit of animals being used in biomedical research, the actions implemented to protect animal welfare as well as other viable options to minimize harm to animals. Science experiments using animals have created a foundation for advances in biomedical sciences. Animals used in medical sciences can be traced back to 384-322 BCE in Greek writings of Aristotle followed by Erasistratus, 304-358 BCE (Dey). Some of the most rudimentary knowledgeRead MoreThe True Cost Of Animal Experimentation Essay1210 Words   |  5 PagesThe True Cost of Animal Experimentation Imagine being held captive in an unnatural environment, alone and frightened, with burns and open wounds covering any and all exposed skin. On top of this, picture living in inadequate housing, being handled improperly which leads to serious injury, not knowing if and when the next meal is coming, and finally, not having access to proper medical treatment when required. Unfortunately, this is not an imaginary scenario for many species of animals worldwide todayRead MoreThis Essay Will Explore The Benefit Of Animals Being Used1681 Words   |  7 Pagesbenefit of animals being used in biomedical research, the actions implemented to protect animal welfare as well as other viable options to minimize harm to animals. Science experiments using animals have created a foundation for advances in biomedical sciences. Animals used in medical sciences can be traced back to 384-322 BCE in Greek writings of Aristotle followed by Erasistratus, 304-358 BCE (Dey). Some of the most rudimentary knowledge known to man now was found through animal experimentation. SuchRead MoreAnimal Rights Essay886 Words   |  4 PagesAnimal rights - moral or legal entitlements attributed to nonhuman animals, usually because of the complexity of their cognitive, emotional, and social lives or their capacity to experience physical or emotional pain or pleasure. (Britannia encyclopedia online, n.d.). The definition of animal rights is so clear to us. Human rights need to be protected, so do animal rights. In 1976, in New York City, thousands of cat lovers were beaten when they heard a painful test to be taken for pets’ sexualRead MoreEssay on Bioethics1696 Words   |  7 Pagessciences involves experimentation on all living species, including animals and humans. The effectiveness of medications investigative procedures and treatments must at some point be tested on animals and human beings. Although tests are conducted much more frequently on lab animals, especially those most related to humans, they do not provide sufficient information. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The history of medicine shows that there has always been a need for experimentation on human beings. ExamplesRead More The Ethics of Xenotransplantation Essay examples1615 Words   |  7 Pagesorgans, or even whole organs from one species of animal, and implanting them into another species. The FDA has given their own definition of xenotransplantation which they say is â€Å"any procedure that involves the transplantation, implantation, or infusion into a human recipient of either live cells, tissues, or organs from a non human animal source, or human body fluids, cells, tissues or organs that have had ex vivo contact with live non human animal cells, tissues or organs.† The main interest ofRead MoreEssay on Animal Testing676 Words   |  3 PagesAnimal Testing In the 1880’s, Louis Pasteur conducted one of the most unpleasant series of animal experiments in the history of the fight against infectious disease. Unable to see the organism that causes rabies with the microscopes available, he convinced a skeptical medical community of the microorganism’s existence and also the possibility of vaccinating against it. He did this by doing work on rabbits and dogs. In 1885, after much heart searching, he tried out his rabies vaccine on aRead MoreShould Animals Be Torture And Abused?1178 Words   |  5 PagesWhy should animals have to be torture and abused? Is it because they are not human? Is it because they are not capable of stopping us? Animal use for drug experimentation has sparked controversy around the world. So why are animals for harmful testing? Each year millions of animals such as mice, rats, rabbits, and primates suffer through excruciating amounts of physical and mental torture. In recent years, the use of these animals has been has been strictly criticized by numerous animal rights

The At The Charlotte Fine Art Gallery - 878 Words

Today started out like any other day. I had been working at the Charlotte Fine Art Gallery for over 6 months now. Before my College Graduation I had worked for the Fine Art Gallery as an Internship the previous summer when they asked me to consider a full time curator position upon graduation. Debra Collin, owner, of the prestigious gallery wanted a fresh new eye for up and coming artists locally and nationally. She was a tough, sophisticated North Carolina socialite who had a passion for art but a stronger desire to control those around her. She sported short, cropped, black hair, pale porcelain well maintained skin and every day she wore a new couture black dress. Debra walked with a confidant and cool demeanor. Her reputation for demanding perfection and deeply over critical nature preceded her. However, when the curator position was presented to me, she assured me my creative eye and instinct for finding new raw talent with innovative techniques would not be hindered. Debr a would allow me full creative control. I was thrilled at this prestigious opportunity and couldn’t wait for Graduation. Flash forward to the day several months later that would open my eyes to the reality that what people say and what they actually mean are two entirely different things. Just because I had been offered a certain position did not necessarily mean, I would actually be allowed to do my job without some complications along the way. My role required that I find a fresh,Show MoreRelatedThe Square Room Of The Public, Private, Secret Exhibition1110 Words   |  5 Pagesleave, Public, Private, Secret serves to affirm your own existence within our world of art and culture. At first glance of the downstairs exhibition space, one can easily become very overwhelmed. The art appears extremely cluttered, with no easily deciphered pattern- it all seems random. Traditional black and white images flow between tv monitors and pop culture icons, seemingly unrelated. Going from fine art photography to popular culture video, the viewer is pushed and pulled from past to presentRead MoreTourism Regions Of British Columbia1106 Words   |  5 Pagesbeaches, making it a perfect place to watch wildlife. Essentially acting as one giant parkland, tourists can enjoy a combination of diverse wildlife and natural environments. The surrounding Gulf Islands contain some more populated areas, where a vibrant arts and crafts culture can also be enjoyed. 3. Cariboo Chilcotin Coast This widespread, coastal area is vast and sparsely populated, acting as a unique wilderness for tourists to experience. 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The only exceptions would be if youre staying at one of the resorts on St. John that provide their own private ferry service to and from St. Thomas. Bahamas The Bahamas has a pleasantRead MoreEssay about Existentialism2347 Words   |  10 Pagesand the demands that they make on the individual, who is seen as a free agent in a deterministic and seemingly meaningless universe† (â€Å"Existentialism†). Existentialism is a difficult philosophy to grasp, but by exploring examples in literature and art, one can come to a better understanding of its basic tenets. The first tenet of existentialism is individualism and alienation, which is revealed in the works The Metamorphosis, â€Å"A Hunger Artist,† and â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper.† Each person is an individual;Read MoreCharles Le Brun s Influence On The Palace Of Versailles2671 Words   |  11 PagesCharles Le Brun’s influence on the Palace of Versailles Charlotte Barnett Prof. Dairus Spieth ARTH 4401 November 3, 2014 Charles Le Brun’s Influence on the Palace of Versailles Charles Le Brun, a renowned 17th century artist-politician lived between 1619 and 1690. He gained prominence through his impeccable paintings, coupled with his mastery of creation in the architecture of gardens, buildings, and in sculptures. 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The topicality of chosen by us theme lies in the fact that a human being perceives the reality by means of various images. These images exist everywhere: in art, in nature, in thoughts, and in speech in particular. Each of us at least ones created an image. We use different means (stylistic expressive means and devices) to achieveRead MoreWomen, Hair, And Cancer10628 Words   |  43 PagesCity main characters Sex and the City, created by Darren Star, was an HBO production that first aired in 1998 and ended in 2004. The four main characters are Carrie Bradshaw, played by Sarah Jessica Parker, Samantha Jones, played by Kim Cattrall, Charlotte York, played by Kristin Davis, and Miranda Hobbes, played by Cynthia Nixon. The show was mostly popular among women viewers aged 18 to 49. It was so popular that the final episode garnered 10.6 million viewers, with stronger ratings among the 18Read MoreDesigning a Customer Driven Statergy23698 Words   |  95 Pagesfact, it doesn’t want to be. It targets a very different kind of customer with a very different value proposition. Grab yourself some coffee and read on. L ast year, Dunkin’ Donuts paid dozens of faithful customers in Phoenix, Chicago, and Charlotte, North Carolina, $100 a week to buy coffee at Starbucks instead. At the same time, the no-frills coffee chain paid Starbucks customers to make the opposite switch. When it later debriefed the two groups, Dunkin’ says it found them so polarized that

Describ the Types of Stakeholders Involved in Two...

Task 2- P2 I am going to discuss the different stakeholders involved in two contrasting businesses. I am going to explore the stakeholders involved in each business and how they are affected by the company. My first organisation is Boots Alliance, a pharmaceutical shop on most high streets. My second organisation is Oxfam charity. Both provide goods or services to the public; however they have different stakeholders affecting their decisions. Stakeholders are anyone that affects or can affect a business’s decisions. This could be a consumer, an employee, a supplier or many others. Boots is a high street pharmaceutical store and therefore directly affects the customers. Customers determine what new products the company will make and†¦show more content†¦Oxfam’s consumers would be the people who donate and those who benefit from the help Oxfam give. Donators determine what the business can do that year as they determine the amount raised. Consumers can donate through money donations, buying goods in Oxfam shops, craft fairs, badges that raise awareness of the charity etc. The Donator gains a feel good factor as they have help another which is what continues to keep a charity like Oxfam in business. Consumers that buy products from an Oxfam shop will still want decent quality goods and therefore the shops must ensure all donated goods are up to standards or they will lose donations. On the other side of consumers, those that are helped by the charity determine where the money is allocated in a small way. The charity decides which area to focus on whether it be HIV, providing clean water for communities or medical care and this is influenced by those that need help. Employees of Oxfam are also divided into two categories; volunteers and paid employees. In an organisation like Oxfam it will mostly be volunteers. Volunteers although they are working for free must be treated fairly as if it were a paid job or they may not continue to do the work. Volunteers are not very easy to find as many people have full time jobs and the majority of people aren’t willing to work for free. Due to this Oxfam must ensure all volunteers are happy and so want to continue to help. There are also a

Mooting Slowman v BeAssured Ltd

Question: Court of Appeal (Civil Division)Slowman v BeAssured LtdJudy Slowman made a claim on her buildings insurance following damage caused by a burst pipe at her home. The insurance company, BeAssured Ltd, wrote back stating that they regarded Ms Slowman as being partly to blame for the damage to the property as the damage was caused during renovation and decorating work being done by Ms Slowman.BeAssured Ltd sent a typed letter to Ms Slowman, offering to pay a proportion of the claim made by Ms Slowman. This letter, which was produced in evidence before the first instance court, contained the following features. There was a sentence that read, We can pay a proportion of the claim, to the maximum of 50%, in settlement of this claim. The figure of 50% had been underlined in blue pen, and a figure of 25% had been written in the margin of the letter, along with what appeared to be someones initials. The letter had been signed, in black ink, by Mr Penpusher, Senior Claims Assessor. At first ins tance, it was conceded by BeAssured Ltd that the signature and the purported amendment were written by two different staff members at the firm.The figure of 50% was still clearly visible on the letter. Ms Slowman, in evidence, stated that this was the figure that she had in mind when she had accepted the firms settlement of the claim. Ms Slowman further stated, that had BeAssured Ltd actually sought to offer only 25% of the claim, then they would have retyped the letter in a more professional manner.Be assured duly sent Ms Slowman a cheque for 25% of her original claim. Ms Slowman brought legal action for breach of contract, and sought the outstanding balance of the offered settlement.At first instance, the district judge dismissed Ms Slowmans claim on the following grounds;1. There was no contract between Ms Slowman and BeAssured Ltd as there was no clear and true agreement between them; and, alternately,2. Even if a contract could be found, it would have been void for mistake.Ms S lowman now appeals to the Court of Appeal on the grounds that the district judge had erred in his findings on these two points.You are to act as counsel for ms slowman and are required to produce; A) A skeleton argument showing that she is entitled to the outstanding monies on the grounds that there was indeed a valid contract between the parties.B) A verbal presentation explaining these arguments before the court of appeal. Answer: Part A In the court of appeals: Slowman Appellant -and- BeAssured Ltd. Respondent Appellants Skeleton Argument Ground 1 1. The district judge erred in holding that there existed no contract between Ms Slowman and BeAssured Ltd. on the basis that there was no clear or true argument between the two parties. 2. It must be noted that the essentials of the valid contract is based in the essential elements including the presence of offer, acceptance, consideration, intention and capacity. Therefore in order to prove that the contract between the parties is valid it is essential to prove the presence of these elements. 3. A letter was provided to the appellant from the respondent with regard to the settlement of claims. Hence the contractual agreement was made through a written agreement which can be provided as evidence. Cited here is the case of Esso Petroleum v Mardon [1976] QB 801 dealing with written contracts with expressed terms. The presence of a written agreement is evidence enough to prove the existence of a contract. 4. In order to validate a contract the presence of consensus ad idem is essential between the parties. The case of Smith v Hughes (1871) LR 6 QB 597 , the Court stated that along with consensus ad idem it was necessary that the parties have communicated the same thing by their conduct and words. Hence in the given case it can be observed that the 50% word was marked and underlined but it was not stroked out. This indicated that the purpose of the party writing the agreement did not indicate to cancel the percentage and it was considered essential to the contract. This was what the written contract had meant. Hence consensus ad idem was present in the contract. 5. The settlement claim had adequate consideration that was to be paid to the appellant. Hence the given contract also had the presence of a valid consideration. Cited here is the case of Currie v Misa (1875) LR 10 Ex 153; (1875-76) LR 1 App Case 554 on valid consideration. Hence the essential element of a contract which is consideration is also present in the given case. 6. Further, the next important ele ment in a valid contract is the presence of consent of both parties. The consent of the appellant is apparent and the consent of the respondent was evident from the signature in the written agreement. The consent given here by both parties were without the existence of any undue influence, coercion, misrepresentation. Hence the consent required for a valid contract was also present in the given case. 7. Given the following details and citation it is evident that all the basic requirements that is required in any given valid contract is present in the written agreement. The written agreement had a proper offer, acceptance, consideration, consensus ad idem, valid consent of both parties and hence all the essential elements that is required to enforce a valid contract. 8. This provides that the district court ruling that there was no valid contract was erred. The contract between the appellant and the respondent was a valid contract and hence the appellant is entitled to receive the ex tra money from that ground. Ground 2 1. The district judge erred in holding that even if any contract existed between the parties, the contract would be void on the grounds of mistake. 2. With regard to minor modifications, the law states that such modifications may be hand written on the document. However, in such cases it is necessary that the changes are stated properly and the initials of the person are given next to the change before the signing of the entire document. Further what is even more essential is that if the other party also agrees to the changes then the agreement will have the signature of the other party as well. 3. The term in the contract between the parties stated that they are willing to pay a compensation amount based on the settlement claim and that amount would be 50% of the total claim that was made by the appellant. When the letter was received by the appellant there was a mark in blue below 50% and at the margin 25% was written in blue ink. Under the common law, the rule is once a contract i s signed it cannot be modified until and unless all the parties to the contract have agreed to the modifications. 4. In accordance to the rules of modification, firstly, the modifications were not clear in the given contract since 50% mark was not stroked out but only underlined. The initials were not written beside the change made but near the margin making the so called modification even more ambiguous. Further the modification was not signed by the appellant making such a modification totally invalid. 5. Hence in the given contract the modification made was not a valid modification. 6. Further with regard to mistake in the given contract, common law states that in such cases of unilateral mistake where on party to the contract is mistaken with regard to the terms of the contract, the court generally uphold those contracts until it is identified that the non-mistaken party is aware of the mistake. Cited in this regard is the case of Smith v Hughes (1871) LR 6 QB 597 . 7. In the pr esent case, even if the deed be considered as a mistake, the contract will not be considered as void since the court considers only those contracts as void when the non - mistaking party is aware of the mistake. In the given case, the non - mistaking party is not aware of the mistake and this case is being raised. Therefore, even if the court considers it to be a mistake the contract cannot be considered as void as a result of the mistake. The Appellant submits that the appeal be heard. Part B: The case involves the validity of the contract existing between Ms. Slowman and BeAssured Ltd. Primarily, in accordance to the judgment delivered by the District Court, the contract is firstly invalid and secondly even if it is considered valid it is void as a result of mistake. I hereby, point as stated in my skeleton argument that the contract has all the essential elements present that is necessary for the validation of contract. This ranges from offer, acceptance, consideration to capacity and intention. The second argument on the presence of any mistake is also invalid since as has been stated in the argument, the rules of common law were not abided with regard to the modification. Also in accordance to the case of Smith v Hughes, unless the non-mistaken party is aware that it is a mistake the court upholds the contract. Hence, claims of the district court are not valid on the grounds given above. Bibliography Andrews N,Contract Law(Cambridge University Press 2011) Austen-Baker R,Implied Terms In English Contract Law(Edward Elgar 2011) Beale H,Mistake And Non-Disclosure Of Facts(Oxford University Press 2012) Busch D,Indirect Representation In European Contract Law(Kluwer Law International 2005) Cua C, 'Towards A General Notion Of Good Faith In English Contract Law' SSRN Journal Furmston M,How Modern Is English Contract Law?(Centro di studi e ricerche di diritto comparato e straniero 2000) Grundmann S and Mazeaud D,General Clauses And Standards In European Contract Law(Kluwer Law International 2006) Jewell M,An Introduction To English Contract Law(Nomos-Verl-Ges 2002) McKendrick E,Contract Law(Palgrave Macmillan 2007) SIMS V, 'Good Faith In English Contract Law Of Triggers And Concentric Circles' [2004] Ankara Law Review Spark G, 'Mistake As A Vitiating Factor In English Contract Law' SSRN Journal Zhou Q, 'Misrepresentation In English Contract Law From An Economic Perspective' SSRN Journal Currie v Misa(1875) LR 10 Ex Esso Petroleum v Mardon[1976] QB Smith v Hughes(1871) LR 6 QB